In a wave drive, one electromagnet or coil is excited at a time: The last one is complicated and less common so it will not be discussed here. Rotating a stepper motor is often called driving and can be a wave drive, full-step drive, half-step drive or microstep. More information about this motor is found on its datasheet: The 28BYJ-48 has four coils hence, it is a four-phase stepper motor. The 28BYJ-48 is a unipolar stepper motor, with five pins as shown:įor a unipolar motor, the number of coils is equal to its phase. The common wire is usually connected to ground. Since the two electromagnets have a common wire, only one power source is necessary for a unipolar stepper motor. Most high speed stepper motors are bipolar, however.Ī unipolar stepper motor follows this diagram: Because of this, bipolar steppers are not popular with Arduino users. Note that while only two coils (electromagnets) are shown, there could be four coils with the vertical (up and down) and horizontal (left and right) coils each connected in series.Ī bipolar stepper motor requires two separate power sources, one for each electromagnet. In a bipolar stepper motor, the electromagnets are alternately energized: There are bipolar and unipolar stepper motors. Thus, the speed of the stepper motor depends on the speed of the switching of the electromagnets. The rotor, attracted to an energized electromagnet, follows that rotation. To rotate a stepper motor, the electromagnets must be energized in a circular pattern. The number of steps per revolution depends on the number of teeth of the rotor. A single motor rotation is divided into steps, hence the name. The 28BYJ-48 motor is a permanent magnet (PM) type stepper and thus share similar characteristics with other PM steppers.Ī PM stepper motor has a rotating part (rotor) made out of permanent magnet and a stationary part (stator) of electromagnets.
#MOTOR ARDUINO DRIVER#
4 Using a Driver Board for the 28BYJ-48īefore I continue, I find it necessary to review the basics of stepper motors.
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